To what extent is Chapter 1 of Sense and Sensibility a fitting introduction for the novel to come?

In this novel, Austen is setting out rules of conduct for women in a time when England was moving from a period a long stability to sudden and total change. Unless people knew how to behave, she thought, chaos would ensue. England was entering the Industrial Revolution, having just seen the French Revolution and the American War of Independence. A new literary style was sweeping the nation, one to which Austen was much opposed: Romanticism. A dichotomy had arisen from the popularity of Romanticism within the literary groups of the time. It is possible to label these two groups as ‘Sense' and ‘Sensibility'. (The Gothic style also came about at this time, championed by those who had suddenly discovered freedom [both literary and, in some cases, physical] with the fall of oppressive governments surrounding England – Austen also wrote anti-Gothic novels, like Northanger Abbey. ) Austen was definitely in support of ‘Sense', which this novel shows so clearly. Austen argues her case for sense over sensibility by polarising the main protagonists on the subject. Marianne represents sensibility in all its dramatic, baroque and over-the-top glory, whilst Elinor represents sense (not cold, emotionless logic, but a tactful reason about situations). Although Austen shows the reader the downsides of both poles, sensibility is harshly and heavily punished and in the end sense wins out when Elinor gets to marry the man she wants and Marianne gives up sensibility and accepts an unconvincing happy ending with a socially respectable result. Austen, then, is writing not a novel, but a book of behaviour for women in this tumultuous time, much in keeping with little girls' conduct books of the time. The first chapter so brilliantly allows for these developments later in the book by not mentioning them at all, or at least not until the closing paragraphs in which the reader is introduced to Elinor and Marianne. This first chapter is primarily concerned in setting up Austen's character in the book, that of satirical social commentator and moral guide. And this character is set up within the opening paragraph. Austen's behaviour as author in this chapter almost contradicts Elinor later on. The way the aristocratic Dashwood family interact with each other on human terms is mocked and pulled apart by Austen's scathing irony; these first paragraphs could almost be in defence of sensibility! Relationships are described in contractual terms: no longer is your son family, he is clientele; no longer do you love, you esteem. Family isn't about affection, its about affectation. Appearance and finance are all that matter on the Norland estate, respectability and wealth. People are spoken of in terms of utility and actions are taken for the sole purpose of acquiring wealth. Any affection shown with that is an added bonus, purely accidental and by no means essential to the relationship. There is one sentence at the end of the first paragraph in which are contained almost all of the social morays with which Austen holds qualm, and she makes her qualms clear with her irony and diction: â€Å"The constant attention of Mr. And Mrs. Henry Dashwood to his wishes, which proceeded, not merely from interest, but from goodness of heart, gave him every degree of solid comfort his heart could receive†. â€Å"The constant attention†, not constant affection, or even constant love, no, â€Å"constant attention†. They waited on him, served him as best they could to ensure a large chunk of inheritance, but not to worry, they did not do this â€Å"merely from interest, but from goodness of heart†. This sentence does not redeem their greed, but rather reinforces it, that â€Å"merely† adds dimensions to this sentence which implies that even if they were good of heart, they were still selfish and out for all the could get. Finally, the comfort they offer the old man is only â€Å"solid†, no more than materialistic. They do not enrich him spiritually or intellectually, only materially. Austen has now set out the rules for the following novel, without even bringing her protagonists to light. Austen is by far the most important character in the book, and her characterisation, therefore, is the most important. It is essential for the reader to know Austen before the reader knows Elinor or Marianne, or else the aim of this book to teach people how to behave would be lost. The fact that Austen seems to be pulling apart the social order whilst Elinor is in whole-hearted support for retaining the social order may seem perplexing, but I think a solution comes if one understands Austen as a person of moderation. She punishes Elinor also (though less harshly than Marianne) for being too restrained. In so many passages in the book there is an awful feeling of imprisonment on the part of Elinor as she is unable to do anything socially unacceptable. Therefore, there is contradiction between Austen and Elinor, but that is because Elinor is not Austen, she is not perfect or correct or a paragon of what Austen believes correct behaviour for a woman. Sense is supported, but room for emotion must be allowed or one is not human, says Austen, but cold and dead.

Dimensions of Intelligence: The Nature and Properties

There is a wide debate as to how intelligence can be defined. Different scholars and researchers argue about the nature and properties that can be definitive of intelligence (Paik 1998). There are also different theories as to the nature of intelligence, but the debate that stands out is whether it has a general intelligence or multiple intelligences (Paik 1998). The school of though that consider a single general intelligence theory points out how there is but one factor that intelligence can be derived from while the other school of thought sees different kinds of intelligence (Paik 1998). However, most believes in the fact that there are different levels of intelligence and how different people have different capacities for it (Paik 1998). Models of Intelligence Sternberg Model Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence exemplified propositions that came from the multiple intelligence schools of thought. This theory dictates three categories of intelligence; analytic or componential intelligence, creative or experiential dimension of intelligence, and practical or contextual aspect of intelligence (Krelof 2002). The analytic dimension pertains to different methods people use in order to analyze information or to process facts in their minds thus becoming a very critical portion of intelligence (Krelof 2002). The components of this dimension consist of the Metacomponents, Performance components, and Knowledge-acquisition components (Krelof 2002). On the other hand, the creative or experiential dimension refers to how people approach new things with its novelty component and he can handle repeated tasks as seen with its automatization (Krelof 2002). The third dimension is the practical dimension that shows how someone relates or adapts to the environmental or sociocultural context and shapes the current environment (Krelof 2002). Understanding Sternberg’s theory implies that there cannot be a single test that can fully account for the different dimensions of intelligence he had mentioned as there are different skill areas involved in the testing (Krelof 2002). Spearman Model According to Charles Spearman, there is a single unitary quality in the brain or the human mind that qualifies his theory under the general intelligence school of thought. He developed a psychometric definition for intelligence and believes in an entity called in the general factor that encompasses the singleness of the intelligence factor or â€Å"one pool of mental energy† (Plucker 2007). Gardner Model Howard Gardner was the one who promotes his own theory of multiple intelligences (Li 1996, p. 33). The uniqueness of his theory from other multiple theorists is his theory is grounded on a biological basis of intelligence (Li 1996, p. 33). This theory is able to isolate seven distinct human abilities that represented seven intelligences (Li 1996, p. 33). He also added a number of other types of abilities that was an offshoot from Thurstone and Guilford’s single ability which was the intellectual ability (Li 1996, p.33). He presented human symbols system that included linguistic, logical, numerical, musical, bodily, spatial, and personal symbols system (Li 1996, p. 33). Analysis of Models There are different theorists that supports that there is but one kind of intelligence and there is a single factor that determines intelligence (Paik 1998). Spearman’s model is the perfect example of this group. In complete contrast, Sternberg and Gardner both puts forth that there are multiple intelligences. However, the multiple intelligence theorists cannot seem to agree as to how many kinds of intelligences are there (Paik 1998). Even though Gardner and Sternberg follow the same school of thought that involves multiple intelligences, Sternberg believes in three dimensions of intelligence while Gardner believes in seven (Paik 1998). Sternberg’s theory is an attempt to reinterpret intelligence according to cognitive terms or under an information processing framework (Li 1998, p.69). He skips the general/pluralist intelligence debate and redefines the domains of intelligence and placed intelligence as a phenomenon that can be dissected into smaller parts (Li 1998, p. 69). On the other side, Gardner promotes the multiple intelligence position and approaches the issue of intelligence based on biology and macrophysics as his pieces of evidence (Li 1998, p. 69). Gardner and Sternberg through their theories presented different definitions of intelligence. For Gardner it was the ability to solve problems within one or more cultural settings (Li 1998, p. 75). While Sternberg sees it as a mental capability from contextual behavior from different regions of the mind (Li 1998, p. 75). Multiple Intelligence Theory Gardner offered two premises and a conclusion from his theory. According to his first premise, â€Å"If it can be found that certain brain parts can distinctively map with certain cognitive functioning then that cognitive functioning can be isolated as one candidate of multiple intelligences† (Li 1998, p. 34). His second premise states, â€Å"Now it has been found that certain brain parts do distinctively map with certain cognitive functioning, as evidenced by certain brain damage leading to loss of certain cognitive function† (Li 1998, p. 34). The conclusion would be the existence of multiple intelligences. The argument is valid and it is taken from neuroscientific evidence (Li 1998, p. 34). His theory has strong support from neuroscience, neuroanatomy, and clinical cases before he concluded brain modularity and multiple intelligences (Li 1998, p. 34). Compared to Sternberg’s treatment of his knowledge-acquisition component that reflects a rather sketchy, inadequate and unclear mechanism, Gardner has presented a more well-rounded and evidence-based theory to the thinking and learning in relation to intelligence (Li 1998, pp. 11-12). References Krelof, N. (2002). Robert Sternberg. Retrieved on October 29, 2007. Li, R. (1996). A Theory of Conceptual Intelligence: Thinking, Learning, Creativity, and Giftedness. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Paik, H. (1998). One Intelligence or Many? Alternative Approaches to Cognitive Abilities. Retrieved on October 29, 2007 Plucker, J. (2007). Charles Spearman. Retrieved on October 29, 2007, from http://www.indiana.edu/%7Eintell/spearman.shtml. Spearman, C. (1904). General Intelligences: Objectively determined and measured. American Journal of Psychology (15), p 201-293, also retrieved on October 29, 2007, from http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Spearman/chap5.htm.   

How Is Emotion Expressed in Chinese Opera Essay - 1

How Is Emotion Expressed in Chinese Opera - Essay Example However, the vocal techniques and speech skills of performers begin to affect the audience in a unique way as the performance continues. Musical progressions and costumes of Chinese actors are different from anything witnessed in European opera. The Chinese counterpart stands distinguished in the respect that vocal techniques are used primarily in songs. Research claims that these techniques form a core principle because they help to express emotion in Chinese opera by enhancing â€Å"the aesthetic qualities of sound in the language of the pihuang musical system† (Wichmann 267). The musical system employed in Chinese opera is called Pei Huang. Musical progressions hold extreme importance in Chinese opera in terms of expressing emotion which is why Chinese opera is also sometimes called pihuang theatre. The pihuang system comprises of many elements like modal system and modes which are arranged according to requirements of a specific play to demonstrate â€Å"the fundamental p sychology of its major characters† (Wichmann 53). Discuss the debate about Nandan performance in the first several decades of the twentieth century. What were the arguments for and against men playing female roles on the Chinese opera stage? Give a brief historical overview of cross-gender performance in Chinese opera. The debate about Nandan performance poses fatal questions to Chinese opera. People still argue if it is right to abolish Nandan or not. Nandan performance is about female impersonation in Chinese opera. The early Republican era or the first several decades of the 20th century are considered the best of times for Nandan performers who are male actors entrusted with the controversial job of portraying women. The Republican stage in the early 20th century promoted the popularity of Nandan stars like Mei Lanfang and Cheng Yanqiu. These Nandan performers surpassed other male actors who played roles of idealistic macho type men.  Ã‚  

Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Philosophy - Assignment Example St. Thomas Aquinas stages several forms cosmological arguments which point out the existence of God (60). The first proof of God’s existence according to St. Aquinas is explained by motion. Insofar as it is, it notable that some things are constantly in motion in this world. It is also obvious that for any object to be in motion there must be a force that propels such movements. From this point of view, an object cannot be moved unless there is another object that has the actuality to do so is involved. In this sense, St. Aquinas argues that the movement is all about bringing something from it potentiality to its actuality, and the transformation cannot take place in the absence of something which is actuality in itself (Solomon, Higgins and Clancy 60). There is no way something can exist in both forms simultaneously. For instance, an object cannot be moved and it is the mover itself. In other words, something cannot move unless there is another different thing to enhance the navigation. In case an object is moved, then it is only understandable that it has been moved by yet another force and that also by another and so on. At a point, the chain of movement will get to a point that the original mover, which is not moved by any other mover, is arrived at. This original mover is understood to be God. The cause argument which is pegged from the point of view that nature has efficient cause. The argument is that there is an order for cause and there is no way that anything can be responsible for its own cause. For this to happen, the requirement is that the thing ought to have existed before itself and this is, obviously not possible. The possibility of infinity is eliminated in this case because in the order of efficient cause follow in order where the first cause is the intermediate cause and the intermediate cause is the cause of the ultimate cause irrespective of the fact that the intermediate cause

Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project - Essay Example It is also important to note that some motors produce immense output power, but cannot be efficient enough. It is under such conditions that people make use of H Bridge in the efficient control of the Motors’ direction. Project Fundamentals An H-bridge circuit refers to a power circuit that is electric, and used in the control of electric motors like DC motors used in automotive applications. The H-bridge functions in controlling the direction and speed of the motor by allowing a limited amount of current to flow in the motor through the right direction (Barrett, 2012). It is made up of four MOSFETs, which are under the control of control signals of the (PWM) Pulse Width Modulation. The original design of the DC motor control incorporates Multisim LabVIEW co-simulation that permits the performance of the entire system to be authenticated on the desktop. The motor has such parameters as inductance, the load weight, and armature resistance for accurate verification of the result s of the performance. The use of a multisim-labVIEW co-simulation ensures that one shall not have to digital and analog systems separately. During the implementation stage of the model, the circuitry of the analog can be transferred for photocopying to the Ultiboard. Such a transition between the Ultiboard and Multisim makes sure that there is a precise convey of simulated designs. The graphical code of control is moved to a Single Board Rio 9695 target. This is usually an acquisition device and an embedded control that puts together a FPGA that is user-reconfigurable, a real time processor, and input or output of printed circuit board. The four MOSFETs needed in designing a H-bridge can be demonstrated with the diagram below. Two of the MOSEFETs should be of P channel (IRF9540N), while the other two should be of N channel (IRF540N). They should be designed in such a way that the motor’s rotation is controlled through an on-off-on switch. The motor’s closed-loop contro l starts through inputs that are user-defined such as the necessary step size and speed. This message is resent to the Multisim design through the co-simulation terminals. Negotiations between labVIEW and Muiltisim occur as a guarantee in conversation and accuracy for both sides. In case of abrupt drops or peaks in Multisim, negotiation in time-step allows Multisim to alter the available time-step to view the drops and peaks. A point by point model between digital systems and analog circuits results to an advanced system both in accuracy and behavior. Once the verification of the system design has been made with Multisim and labVIEW co-simulation, the complete circuit can be moved to Ultiboard for routing and layout. List of Components The list of components used in the circuit includes: MOSFET P Channel (IRF9540N) – 2 MOSFET N Channel (IRF540N) – 2 Motor – DC 6 volts Battery – 9 volts Switch – 1 Connecting Wires and Strip Board Controlling the Mot or The control of the motor is done through the two ways switch connected to Q1 and Q3 of the circuit. If a signal is sent to Q1the motor is stimulated to move in a forward direction, while on the other hand, if a signal is sent to q3 the motor is stimulated run in a reverse direction. It is never possible to sent signals to both Q1 and Q3at the same time because of the use of on off on switch. This can be summarized using the following table: Q1 Q3 Stop 0

Atlas Copco Group's Corporate Strategic Audit Essay

Atlas Copco Group's Corporate Strategic Audit - Essay Example Over the past years, Atlas Copco has focused all it recourses in strengthening its position in key market areas like India, China and Brazil. This determination of the company to hold strong of its market region has been the drive to its good performance. A flexible business model, as strong market position and the companies focus in innovation provides a perfect environment for the company to outperform its peers and capturing business opportunities. The stable cash flow of the company has enabled it to be in a position to distribute significant capital to its shareholders while at the same time simultaneously retaining the flexibility to act in its growth strategy. This information was not mentioned in the interview but additional research has been done to support the information. This information that follows was not mentioned in the interview but additional research has been done to support the information. Atlas Copco corporate strategy is to establish a strong business position in various industries and markets. The company also ensures the evaluation and monitoring of all business functional areas while making corporate strategy. The main strategy for Atlas Copco is to discover and expand in the new market. It is determined to capture markets that are unexploited over different demographics to enhance sale of the products. The company is focused in using both the vertical and horizontal integration. This is the reason why the cost of production is always low. Concentration strategy is also used by the company which is part of the growth strategy and all the two are directional strategy to improve the image of its brand. Atlas Copco’s is based on decentralized authority and responsibilities. The operation of Atlas Copco’s is comprised of 22 divisions and is structured in four business areas. Each operation unit is comprised of a business board which reflects the group operational structure. The company has put in

Riordan Corporate Compliance Plan Research Paper

Riordan Corporate Compliance Plan - Research Paper Example The company has grown in operation and thus, its growth comes with many risks and liabilities (eCampus, 2005). This is because with the expansion, it will increase its capital base, resource base, and customer base. Location in different regions around the world such as China also implies that the company will be faced with different international rules and regulations that it will have to comply with. Therefore, with all these risks, the company requires a concrete risk management plan that can be used to ensure that any perils and hazards facing the employees and management of the organization are well handled. Risk management in the organization will require involvement of a number of persons in the organization (Hopkin,  2010). This implies that the internal environment of the organization will have to be keenly assessed in order to identify the major areas that can lead to risks in the company (COSO, 2004). The objects that have been set in the company will also be keenly asse d in order to identify ways in which the risks might lead to failure of achieving the set objectives. In addition, both internal and external events that might lead to occurrence of the risks in the company will also have to be identified. Once such events have been identified, the risks will then be assessed and analyzed. Policies and control actions will also be identified in order to find the effective risk responses. Information will also be very important in the risk management plan. This is because; information will be used to learn more about the risks and ways of managing them. On the other hand, information has to be accompanied by communication. Once the relevant information about the risks has been identified, it has to be effectively communicated to the rest of the employees. In addition, Riordan Manufacturing will have to establish clear communication in order to ensure effective risk management (COSO, 2004). For instance, in the case of enterprise liability, the compan y has to ensure effective relationships with the community, in order to ensure that it minimizes its liability. After effective communication has been identified, the company will then have to monitor different sections of its operation that will require change or modification in order to ensure proper risk management (COSO, 2004). Enterprise Liability Enterprise liability refers to the responsibility that the organization has to its actions towards the public. The enterprise liability of Riordan Company involves many individuals such as the authorities responsible, the society, the employees and the management of the organization. Riordan Manufacturing is liable for a number of issues resulting from its operations (eCampus, 2005). For instance, the company is liable for any kind of pollution that it causes to the public. Since Riordan Manufacturing is a Company dealing with plastics, it might cause pollution to the environment through the gases that it emits. Therefore, this might cause a risk to the company’s operations since; higher authorities dealing with environmental conservation could sue the company. This is a risk that can only be managed by ensuring that the management of the organization communicates to the employees effectively about applying the right production methods. Employees in the company could also be trained on how to recycle waste products produced by the company (Hopkin,

Truth, Justice and Reconciliation in Latin America Essay

Truth, Justice and Reconciliation in Latin America - Essay Example How we choose to overcome these political and social obstacles will largely predetermine the success of our democratization endeavors. However, democratization, how difficult and painful it may be, is the only chance for Argentina to become a civilized community. In this situation, there are several possible paths we could choose. My task and the task of the commission are to analyze all possible options and pathways and choose the best for our country. The current role of the commission is to investigate the past human rights violations and develop new democratization strategies, based on the principles of effectiveness, forgiveness, and justice. People of El Salvador should realize that the commission on the truth was created to investigate human rights violations and offenses, the consequences of which the people of Argentina had been suffering for years. These investigations, on the one hand, will promote better efficiency of crime investigation, especially in terms of crimes against humanity. Simultaneously, these investigations will become the first step toward democratization, which will finally give the people of Argentina an opportunity to exercise their rights and freedoms to the fullest. Our Truth Commission was established the end of the twentieth century, following the end of the Dirty War in 1983. The primary aim of the Commission was to find out the fates and destinies of thousands of people, who had disappeared during the War. As a result, â€Å"we have discovered close to 9000 of these unfortunate people who were abandoned by the world† (Report of Conadep). Today, the goal of our organization is to exp lore the reasons of human rights violations in Argentina. The commission will work to identify the legal branches and fields of human performance, in which most human rights violations take place. I cannot but admit that the Truth Commission

Edgar Allan Poes The Tell Tale Heart Essay Example for Free

Edgar Allan Poes The Tell Tale Heart Essay Edgar Allan Poes The Tell Tale Heart relates the story of one mans obsession at the seemingly trifle and otherwise common place prospect of the gaze of anothers eyes. So consumed is this person of his obsession with the eyes belonging to his tenent or landlord that one night he decides to gouge it off, kill its owner, and bury the eyeball in question under the floorboard. Needless to say, Edgar Allan Poe succeeds in exacting yet another dose of terror, dread and trepidation from his readers. The stated sentiments exist partly because of the plot, but largely because of Poes use of visual imagery, characterized by words which harp on the senses as people perceive it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These perceptions, the heightened sensations that the narrator, who is in fact, also the murderer in the story, feels    in the extent of the short story is given structure by the way which he proceeds to talk of his victim. He writes first of being alluded to the eye, not being particularly attached to it initially, but describing it with an endearment out of place, and with a distinction which one would not normally employ when referring to something as ordinary as one of the five senses, except perhaps if people were talking about their lovers (which the narrator is not). His interest shifts and evolves as the story progresses. Talk of the eye in question becomes irrational to the point of alarming, and readers know at this point that something ominous is about to ensue. The narrator begins to talk distinctly of the eye as it were a separate entity, separate from that of its owner, the landlord, who he admits of being nothing but kind, and not having mistreated him in any way. His loving and long winded descriptions regarding, and romancing the eye in question, and the person to whom it belongs to culminates in a course of action which brings him to the landlords bedroom in the middle of the night. While in the victims sleep, he decides to take the eye for himself, and he describes it with such loving and final triumph as though it were a destiny and an important task that had long been awaiting fruition, and the time has come for it to bear fruit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More than what has already been narrated and told in the plot, the story tells of one mans obsessive longing, his ascension to insanity (or a closely related version of it) because of the pursuit of that longing, and the consummation of the same longing and madness by means of taking matters into his own hands, and literally plucking out from the face of the earth what had been bothering him for so long. Although not the most pleasant of activities, and certainly not the one people would resort to as a matter of routine or principle. But for the narrator, for the person who needed to put an end to this longing, this itch, this gap which need to be filled, it meant the world and more. It meant a sense of triumph. It indulged his senses and satisfied his itch for an irrational but complex need to fill up a gap in his inner being and sanctum. Despite the questionable ethical as well as moral tendency with which he proceeded in committing the crime, to him it was a necessary road to ease and fulfillment. A Poem As It Regards to the Tell Tale Heart True, people are kind and truer still, people are beautiful but beauty exists in fewer instances these days. In smaller and smaller and smaller packages. So come dearest, let us you and me die

Analysis of the poem Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the poem Essay The poem Originally by Carol Ann Duffy talks about the issue of culture identity. The poem talks about change, memories, and anxiety which occurs when moving. This is conveyed through the experiences of a young girl in the poem who is reluctant to leave what she knows behind. This is made apparent through the theme of memory and the continual change of setting. The title Originally sets the tone for the poem as there change needs to occur for there to be an original. This choice of diction allows for an expectation for what the journey will be about, while the ambiguity of the poem is written in such a way that personal experiences can be projected upon the protagonist. The aspect of the poem through tone however creates a bias towards negative emotions and experiences due to the despondent tone throughout the first two stanzas. This atmosphere of loss is aided through the use of negative emotive diction such as bawling and resigned. By showing that the protagonists brothers are crying, Duffy illustrates how hard this is for them as crying is usually only brought on by major or sad events and loss, resigned is used to show how she has accepted her fate, but it doesnt mean she likes it. This association of emotions with the diction allows for empathy to occur towards the protagonist and her unsure feelings about her emigration. The theme of cultural identity is used in the poem in order to instil a sense of not belonging. This feeling of unease and unhappiness is introduced through the use of bawling as this change from the place where they are comfortable and belong to the new one is both painful and confusing for them. The use of italics however, in the repetition of Home as well as the capitalisation of it, emphasises its importance to them and their desire to return to it. The use of a blind toy by Duffy can be used as a metaphor towards the protagonists new life, where, although the toy is blind, it still has eyes. The foreshadowing could be that when the protagonist moves she will be blinded by everything which is new so that she doesnt become overwhelmed by it. She will continue to be blind to the beauty of her new home so long as she is yearning for her old one. However, once she is ready her sight will return and she will start to forget her cultural identity. At the time, the girl doesnt want this however, so she is clinging onto a toy to maintain her memories of home. Additionally, a toy is associated with childhood, so the clinging onto it may represent how she doesnt want to grow up and leave her comforts behind. By saying in the second stanza that all childhood is emigration, Duffy allows for immediate relation to the protagonists situation. This is due to the journey of growing up to adulthood which is a worldwide experience, as well as referring to physical emigration of moving from one place to another. Improtantly however, the emigration of childhood is all made without the acceptance of the person moving, they cannot stop growing older, and parents make the ultimate decisions. This unease and the inability to understand the need to move is reinforced by the location of her new home where no one you know stays. This introduces the tone of isolation which is reinforced by having the wrong accent, and shouting words you dont understand which immediately marks a person as being from a different area, even though the move could have been within the same country of city, the accent and slang changes. The introduction of big boys shows that she is intimidated by people from the area who are older and bigger as she doesnt know how they will react, this is reinforced by the alliteration present through the repetition of the hard d, continuing the feeling of intimidation which the protagonist encounters. A continuation of the alliteration in sibilance, seeing your brother swallow a slug, feel only a skelf of shame, provides an insight that the protagonist is slightly proud of her brothers for adapting so well to the environment, which is then applied to herself in a continuation of sibilance in combination with a simile in that she remembers (her) tongue shedding its skin like a snake, my voice in the classroom sounding just like the rest. This shows that she is also now adapting to her environment, reinforced by the fact that a shed skin is natural for a snake, and this adaptation is normal, although slightly unwanted. The last stanzas change in tone shows how the protagonist has changed with age. This allows for a time skip to take place into a time when she is more mature and able to reflect upon the journey easily, although with some regret. This is expressed through rhetorical questions beginning with the use of Do I only think, in line 20, which builds up an atmosphere of longing and wistfulness. There is also a tone of uncertainty in there, as she doesnt know if she had remained in the place if the feelings of belonging would have remained, which is why she only questions and doesnt outright believe that staying would have been the best option for her. The rhyming of the words first space and right place reinforces the doubt she feels about her cultural identity. The continued doubt of the protagonists cultural identity which occurs in lines 23 and 24, illustrates how she will continue to try and find the answers throughout her life as she will never be truly certain of who she is, creating a sense of not belonging. Although emigration is a hard thing to experience, Duffy illustrates that trying to maintain a cultural identity through such a process may cause problems later. The continued rejection of the new culture illustrates how much of an outsider it makes the protagonist feel later in life, which could have been avoided if it had been readily embraced. The place which she originates from will always have a draw, however, the acceptance of a new culture viewed as a new part of a personal culture, would be much easier to accept than a replacement to the old one.

The connection between women inequality and child poverty

The connection between women inequality and child poverty Since the end of 19th century, women have been fighting for equality and justice.   Unfortunately, until now, there are still disputes about women inequality in the world because of the resulting factors, such as child poverty. There has been changes to laws, such as the federal Divorce Act in 1986, to promote women equality, but the law still fails to protect women from becoming impoverished.   According to CRIAW, women earn less than men even if they work in the same sectors or in the same jobs. From that fact, it is obvious that women are still not equal to men in society; therefore, it does make a difference whether your male or female. The stereotype that may explain womens inequality, in the job force is theyre supposed to be homemakers and dependent on men.   According to CRIAW, Fifty-six percent of lone parent families headed by women are low-income, compared with 23% of those headed by lone parent men.  One reason for this gap would be because women typically earn less money than men. Sixty-seven percent of minimum wage earners in Canada are women.I will be arguing how child poverty is an outcome of womens inequality using a feminist perspective. I will do so by comparing the implications from neo-liberalism and the law which contributes to feminization of poverty.   Ã‚        The first point I will be discussing, is the restrictions that neo-liberals enforced enabling restrictions on social assistance. Women are at a disadvantage, regarding, jobs and salaries compared to men that is why there are more women in poverty than men. As I stated earlier, 56% of families which are headed by women are low income. In other words, its a known fact that women do struggle with poverty. With that said, a reform that neo-liberalist proposed, that would benefit women and children, was to deduct money from social assistant payments from women who got other sources of income such as child support payments and the child tax benefit (p 256 LL). If women or children needed some sort of dental aid while on social assistance they were denied because it was considered not essential to live. In other words, the social assistance plan was just enough for food and shelter, if you needed more assistance such as dental or eye care, you were denied. Welfare rates ar e not exactly enough, it is literally enough for food and shelter. All welfare rates in Canada have always been low, ranging between 20%-70% below poverty line.In other words, women are guaranteed to struggle even with welfare payments since they are just enough to keep you alive.The Conservative government is putting mothers in a position where they are literally counting each penny. Children need clothes, medical care, etc. How would social assistance cover children needs and day-to day expenses such as rent and bills? How is the percentage of women in poverty supposed to decrease if the government are restricting resources for women? In 1995, the government decided to cut more than 10,000 people off welfare 89 percent of them women and 76 percent single mothers.   The reason for this cut was because they wanted women to go back to relying on men for economic support, causing women that are abused by their spouse leaving them no options, but to stay in the relationship.   If a woman were to get a divorce in the 1900s, under the unity doctrine, she would have to give absolutely everything she owned to the husband; leaving her in a bad financial state.  After a divorce, studies have shown women are actually 76 percent poorer, whereas a man becomes 42 percent richer.   After a divorce, what are women suppose to do? Finding a job is difficult because of   inequality and the government doesnt provide much aid. Women felt powerless in society because the stereotypes that they should be home makers while depending on their spouses, contribute to societys view. Women are looked at without any importance in society. This is clear when, in 2006, the conservative government cut the federal Status of Women Canada funding by 40%, then he also eliminated a program that funded legal challenges to equality rights for women and other groups. (p 152-153) The government not only cuts back in providing assistance to women that are struggling in poverty, but eliminating women support groups is absurd. This just shows that women have no priority or equality in society. Through their actions, neo-liberals do not find women inequality and women poverty to be much importance in society. Women are susceptible of poverty through the limited resources that are availa ble to them i.e-social assistance. She would be poor because social assistance wasnt a reliable, source of income. Feminization of poverty is a well known fact. Poverty doesnt just occur to single mothers, it also occurs with women who are: elderly, immigrants,lesbians,women of colour and migrant women. My focus will be on factors that cause feminization of poverty happens. Labour market conditions, equalization, and social welfare are all factors which contribute to feminization of poverty.   In labour markets precarious employment, was the new role which women obtained, along with remaining responsibilities at home such as child care.     Why were these precarious jobs singled out to women only? Women were the target for these jobs because as it stands, women live in poverty, and when depending on social assistance fails, they get to the point where they will take any job that will keep them and there children alive. In Canada, women can be working the same jobs with the same education and still get paid less; reason being, because of their gender. In other words, women automatically have a disadvantage in the job force just for being a female. In 1999, women earned $18 000 less than men in a full time job over a course of a year. In 2008, almost 9 years after, women still make less than men in a full time position, $17 900 less to make it exact.     Social welfare is a source which some women and mothers rely on when all else fails because of the inequality in Canada. Unfortunately, even social welfare is not always a reliable source because of the lack of aid they give. Over the years, social policy has changed in a few countries, as a result, there main objective is to get single mothers to get a source of income by obtaining a job     To put it bluntly, the government wants to get mothers out of poverty but not by helping them financially; instead wanting mothers to obtain a job moreover take care of her children. Raising children is a full time job which often doesnt get recognized because of the stereo types that women are supposed to be homemakers. Men, on average, put in 4.1 hours of paid and 3.4 hours of unpaid labour; women put in 2.5 hours of paid and 5.2 hours of unpaid labour (Clark 2001: 4). Since women are seen in society as homemakers, it is expected and known that they do more unpaid work then men, so why doesnt the government focus on helping them by increasing their social assistance or decreasing women inequality in order for women to obtain a job that is fair and not precarious?   Therefore, labour market conditions, equalization, and social welfare is a result of feminization of poverty.   Ã‚   Feminization of poverty is an ongoing issue so what is the law doing about it?There has been laws passed to achieve equality for women before the law. On August 10,1960, The Canadian Bill of Rights included section 1(b) the right of the individual to equality before the law and the protection of the law.  On December 15,1995, the employment equality act was implemented and the purpose of this act was to correct the disadvantage that women, aboriginal people and people with disabilities had experienced in the workforce . In other words, employers could no longer deny employment because of your gender, race, or disability. Although, the employment equality act was implemented, Why even after 13 years in 2008, women made less than men in full time positions? If the employment equality act was supposed to correct the disadvantage women experienced, then why hasnt it been corrected? Women are still getting paid less then men. When even the law fails what are women supposed to do, especially single mothers? In 1989, when The Divorce Act was passed, section 15.2 regarding spousal support states,   Promote the economic self-sufficiency of each spouse within reasonable period. This is a big change for women because as I explained, before The Divorce Act women had no spousal support implemented, instead women were the ones that had to give everything they own to men, after a divorce. For single mothers, 15.1 of The Divorce Act was introduced to enforce a fathers responsibility to pay child support for all his children.     If the father is willing to pay, it wont be that hard to get the support, but if the father is not willing to pay, how far will the justice system go to make sure he pays up to his responsibilities? In 1992, 75 percent of the 91,650 support orders in Ontario were arrears .In other words, through the law, 75 percent of men owed there ex-wifes child support. From my experience with the law, I took my dad to court for child support, the next week he went to Russia and my case was basically closed. My lawyer told me there is nothing she can do if he is in another country. Although, there has been great changes in the law to achieve equality in society, how reliable is it? How far will the justice system go to enforce these laws?   Ã‚     Ã‚  As I have pointed out, women suffer in poverty because of inequality and neo-liberalism resulting in feminization of poverty. Feminization of poverty effects children eventually leading to child poverty. When women are treated inequality in society through welfare, work force and society, it doesnt only effect them but also their children both physically and mentally.  

Discrimination and Civil Rights in America Essays -- Civil Rights and

â€Å" Civil rights is the term that refers to the right of every person to equal access to society’s opportunities and public facilities.† Civil rights is used to imply that the state has a positive role in ensuring all citizens equal protection under law and equal opportunity to exercise the privileges of citizenship and to participate fully in life regardless of race, sex, religion, or other characters unrelated to the value of the individual. According to Webster’s Dictionary, the definition of civil rights is â€Å"the right s to personal liberty and to legal, economic, and social equality establish by amendments to the U.S. Constitution and by certain Congressional acts.† (Merriam-Webster) Civil rights have to with whether individual members of differing groups- racial, sexual, and the like- are treated equally by government and, in some areas, by private parties. Civil rights deal with issues of equality among the American citizens.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concept that human beings having inalienable rights and liberties that cannot be violated by others or the state is linked to the history of democracy. It was first expressed by the philosophers of ancient Greece. In theory, Americans are equal in their rights, but in reality, they are not now equal, nor have they ever been. African Americans, women, Hispanic Americans, the disabled, Jews, American Indians, Catholics, and members of nearly every other minority group have been victims of discrimination in fact and in law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The...

Theory of Graviton Fields Essay -- Atomic Structures

The Source, Nature, and Generation of the Graviton Field Summary The paper examines the possibility that atomic structures exists as complete self sustaining entities in identical form throughout the Universe, without any form of external input. The paper examines the energy budget of an atomic structure and concludes that gravitational attraction forms an inherent function of the structure in the form of low level quanta ejected from the structure as the final spent particle. It is postulated that all so far identified sub atomic particles are sourced from a single particle, in the central, heavy core, giving up energy in a Bohr/quanta manner as they perform particular functions within the structure. These various energy demands are consistent with the often quoted atomic half life of 1032 years. A mechanism by which a self sustaining structure generates an attraction field is described, together with the mechanism by which multiple structures interact. The process relating to interaction within a single structure is also described. The paper examines the nature of the gravitational field. It follows from the prognosis that the atomic particles identified so far from accelerators, are formed by a quanta/energy degradation which takes place. The core exists as a single entity in an electron, this same particle forming an assembly in all the structures identified in the periodic table. Key Index Phrases The nature of the graviton field. Introduction In the theory now presented by the author, the long sought graviton particle is viewed as the 'Spent' or residual, low energy particle arising from the proton/neutron/electron exponential decay process. This decay represents the energy required to support th... ....dï  ¦,dï  ±,G.M] . dR Since d(E) = R.dF d (E) = ï  ²,. G.M. R2 dï  ¦,.dï  ±, Over the whole surface ïÆ' ¥,E = 2ï  ², ï  ¦,ï  ±,G.M.R2 Substituting figures, E = 56.7x1024 kJ A.2.6 Energy requirement per atom dE = 56.7x1024 kJ 0.71x1050 = 7.98x10-23 kJ Converting to eV d (eV) = 0.0253 eV for Vanadium.

New Faces for Mars

Mars often referred to as the Red Planet, has long been a subject of fascination; speculation about the existence of â€Å"Martians† was widespread early in the twentieth century; for example, issues of Scientific American in 1920 described possible communication with Mars using search lights and giant mirrors to reflect sunlight (Greeley 115). According to Greeley (2001), other proposals for communicating including digging huge trenches in the form of mathematical symbols in the Sahara Desert; these trenches were to be filled with kerosene and signal aflame to signal Mars. Based on Greeley (2001), although these ideas were never carried out, they reflected intense public interest in Mars. Telescopic observations of Mars began in the late nineteenth century and provided fuel for speculation about the nature of Mars. Space exploration of mars was initiated with the Mariner flyby in 1965; although it took only 22 close-up pictures covering a tiny fraction of the surface and showed the presence of a lunar like craters (Greeley 115). According to Greeley (2001), the geologic diversity of Mars was finally revealed by the Mariner 9 spacecraft. The Viking mission was the most complicated unmanned mission flown in the solar system according to Greeley; consisting of two orbiters and two landers. And in 1997, Mars Pathfinder landed and returned information for a third site on Mars; these missions have set the stage for more complex future missions including the return of samples to earth. It has been discovered before that more craters are older with some around 19 km across. Volcanism is also fascinating on Mars, which is said to have lava flowing but I’m not sure if this was really true. It is also said that the Red Planet has no plate tectonics and its outer layer doesn’t move horizontally, only its outer layer moves vertically. As for Mars’ other features, it is said that weathering and erosion are observed with dominated dust storms – global dust storms and sand dunes. It has also been said that there has been past flowing water before but this argument hasn’t been verified yet. As for the aliens wearing helmet, I doubt it because as of now there hasn’t been any findings of its existence. Maybe this might be true if water will be discovered in Mars. Due to advance research and technologies, I think that as time passes by, more and more findings could be discovered. If before, images are vague and cannot be distinguished easily, today, more and more sophisticated tools are being used to capture Mars’ images. Now, Mars’ tectonic features are more detailed compared before. It has also been found out that Mar’s volcanism is widespread and more diverse and young. Despite a virtual generation of studies based on newly devised technologies of space, Mars remains something of an enigma to man; fly-by, orbiting and landing missions by increasingly sophisticated space probes have revealed more about the Red planet in the last thirty years that had been gleaned in all previous centuries, but there are still many mysteries to be solved (Kargel ix). According to Kargel (2004), they range from the question of where Phobos and Deimos, the diminutive Martian Satellites, came from whereabouts of water which once sculptured much of the planet’s surface; these many more questions will only be answered after years, perhaps decades, of effort; and because the planet and its satellites preserve much of the ancient history of the solar system, they are important questions of science. Works Cited Kargel, J. S. Mars: A Warmer, Wetter Planet. New York: Springer Publishing 2004. Greeley, R. & Batson, R. The Compact NASA Atlas of the Solar System. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Executive Summary Expedia vs Priceline Essay

Expedia and Priceline are the leading competitors of the online travel service. With travel being one of the Internets hottest commodities, these two companies have been in competition for the top spot. Both businesses offer great deals on hotels, car rentals, and most importantly travel accommodations. The financial post online interviewed Expedia’s managing director Sean Shannon about how he keeps the online travel superstore unique. He noted that they â€Å"invest a lot in technology and software writers and coders, who work to make the shopping experience better and figure out ways to stay ahead of the curve (Ovsey, 2001).† With both companies reaching new heights of Internet success, the need to be informed of each other’s business policies and ideas is very important. Many customers of both Expedia and Priceline already had a combined travel agency that would normally have taken care of their travel plans. When the Internet boom exploded, companies such as Microsoft jumped on the idea of having a travel agency online. The Wall Street Journal Online Edition confirms this need for technology by reporting on the company’s participation in J.P. Morgan’s annual telecom conference. The Wall Street Journal agrees, â€Å"Expedia, Inc. is the largest online travel company in the world, with an extensive brand portfolio that includes some of the world’s leading online travel brands (â€Å"Expedia, inc. to,† 2013).† This would enable a new customer base that would promote Internet sales, and an easier way of life for frequent travelers. Selling points for both of these companies is extremely important, as the transition from a brick and mortar company to a web based company was a hard shift. These companies have not only been in competition for over 10 years, but they have boosted profits every year. The Atlantic Online posted an opinion about Priceline in 2010 regarding the success of the online travel company compared to that of Expedia. They stated, â€Å"Priceline’s stock price is up almost 90 percent, while its competitors have flat lined (Expedia) (Madrigal, 2010).† This shows the customer, that even though these companies are in competition, they have done well enough to withstand many economic ups and downs over the years. The importance of stability and growth over the years is very important to a consumer who deserves quality in purchasing potentially high dollar items. The following report specifics the financial reports from the last three years for both companies. This provides established proof that both companies are thriving in what they do.

Eddie Mabo Speech Essay

History Speech Good Morning Ms Sparks and class. Today I will be doing my presentation on the Mabo Decision. A decision that was very significant in giving a massive boost to the struggle for the recognition of Aboriginal land rights. The Mabo decision was a legal case held in 1992 and is short for Mabo and others v Queensland (No 2) (1992). On June 3rd 1992, the high court of Australia delivered its landmark Mabo decision and rewrote the Australian common law. The High Court is the highest court in Australia’s judicial system. The Mabo decision in the High Court was the culmination of a legal battle started ten years earlier by a group of plaintiffs from the tiny Torres Strait island of Mer to establish their traditional ownership of the Murray Islands. The Mabo decision was named after Eddie Mabo, the man who challenged the Australian legal system and fought for recognition of the rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the traditional owners of their land. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples occupied Australia for 40,000 to 60,000 years before the British arrived in 1788. They spoke their own languages and had their own laws and customs. They also had a strong connection to ‘country’ – the Australian land. When the British arrived, they declared that Australia was terra nullius (empty land – or land that belongs to nobody. As a result, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ occupation of and unique connection with the land were not recognised, and the British took the land without agreement or payment. The Mer Islanders decided they would be the ones to challenge the legal principle of terra nullius in the High Court and that Eddie Mabo would be the one to lead that action. Eddie Koiki Mabo (29 June 1936 to 21 January 1992) was an Australian man from the Torres Strait Islands. Mabo’s love for his homeland drove the proud Torres Strait Islander to undertake a 10- year legal battle that rewrote Australia’s history. In 1981, Eddie Mabo made a speech at James Cook University in Queensland, where he explained his people’s beliefs about the ownership and inheritance of land on Mer. A lawyer heard the speech and  asked Eddie if he would like to challenge the Australian Government in the court system, to decide who the true owner of land on Mer was – his people of the Australian Government. And this is exactly what Eddie Mabo did. The Mabo case ran for 10 years. On 3 June 1992, the High Court of Australia decided that terra nullius should not have been applied to Australia. This decision recognised that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have rights to the land – rights that existed before the British arrived and can still exist today. The Mabo decision was a turning point for the recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ rights, because it acknowledged their unique connection with the land. It also led to the Australian Parliament passing the Native Title Act in 1993. Sadly, Eddie Mabo never found out the result of his legal case. He died in January 1992, just five months before the High Court made its decision. Mabo Day occurs annually on June 3rd to commemorate Eddie Mabo and his incredible achievement to campaign for indigenous land rights led to a landmark decision of the High Court of Australia that overturned the legal fiction of terra nullius on June 3rd 1992. Eddie Mabo Jnr, on behalf of the Mabo family, said: We believe that a public holiday would be fitting to honour and recognise the contribution to the High Court decision of not only my and his co-plaintiffs, James Rice, Father Dave Passi, Sam Passi and Celuia Salee, but also to acknowledge all indigenous Australians who have empowered and inspired each other. Eddie Mabo made the incredibly brave decision to stand for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Land Rights which turned out to be one of the best decisions for Australia’s Indigenous people. Thank-you for listening.

Over the Rainbow Essay

What transforms a piece of information into evidence? when it comes from a reputable source when it is supported by a citation when it is used to support or refute something when it uses transitional words and phrases If a hard fact or visual representation of a fact is needed, which method of incorporating evidence would be most effective? summarizing providing data paraphrasing quoting If you would like to emphasize a particularly authoritative source, what method of incorporating evidence should you use? summarizing paraphrasing quoting providing data If you’d like to provide background information regarding a topic using a source, which method of incorporating evidence would be most effective? providing data paraphrasing quoting summarizing If you wanted to write a paper analyzing how John Milton uses language in the epic poem Paradise Lost, which method of incorporating evidence would be most effective? quoting paraphrasing summarizing providing data What do you need to do to avoid a floating quotation? rephrase each direct quotation in your own words give parenthetical citations for each direct quotation make sure each quotation is placed within a paragraph introduce and provide context for each quotation How do you summarize a passage? borrowing the exact words from the source restating a section of text from the source expressing the main ideas of the passage in your own words restating at least five facts in your own words When using a direct quotation, how do you signify that the words are not yours? quotation marks in-text citations parenthetical citations works cited page Which action should you never take when selecting quotations? choosing the fewest words needed  changing the meaning of the quotation by changing the context quoting long passages (block quotations) rarely  adjusting the sentence to fit the grammar of the quotation How do you paraphrase a passage? expressing, in your own words, the main ideas of the passage restating, in your own words, a section of text from the source borrowing the exact words from the source restating at least five facts in your own words How does the MLA style of citation work? brief in-text citations connected to a works cited page brief in-text citations connected to parenthetical citations a works cited page connected to a list of parenthetical citations at the end parenthetical citations connected to an alphabetical list of in-text citations at the beginning If you’d like to provide background information regarding a topic using a source, which method of incorporating evidence would be most effective? providing data paraphrasing quoting summarizing Which action should you never take when selecting quotations? choosing the fewest words needed changing the meaning of the quotation by changing the context quoting long passages (block quotations) rarely adjusting the sentence to fit the grammar of the quotation When using a direct quotation, how do you signify that the words are not yours? quotation marks in-text citations parenthetical citations works cited page How do you summarize a passage? borrowing the exact words from the source restating a section of text from the source expressing the main ideas of the passage in your own words restating at least five facts in your own words What is an example of a reference marker that a source might use? quotation print Web page numbering Which of the following is an example of plagiarism? using too many in-text citations using the Internet to conduct research failing to format properly the title of the works cited page failing to cite direct or indirect quotations In the MLA style, what are in-text citations called? parenthetical citations works cited entries brief sources antiplagiarism notes What do you need to do to avoid a floating quotation? rephrase each direct quotation in your own words give parenthetical citations for each direct quotation make sure each quotation is placed within a paragraph introduce and provide context for each quotation Which statement about the ellipsis is true? I. An ellipsis indicates the omission of a word or words. II. It is appropriate for an ellipsis to appear in any part of a sentence. III. A single space between the periods is necessary when using an ellipsis. I only II and III I and III I, II, and III Based on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of the colon? At the beginning of his essay â€Å"The Insufficiency of Honesty,† Stephen L. Carter establishes a definition for integrity: â€Å"discerning what is right and what is wrong; acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost; and saying openly that you are acting on your understanding of right and wrong.† At the beginning of his essay: â€Å"The Insufficiency of Honesty,† Stephen L. Carter establishes a definition for integrity, â€Å"discerning what is right and what is wrong; acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost; and saying openly that you are acting on  your understanding of right and wrong.† At the beginning of his essay â€Å"The Insufficiency of Honesty†: Stephen L. Carter establishes a definition for integrity â€Å"discerning what is right and what is wrong; acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost; and sayi ng openly that you are acting on your understanding of right and wrong.† At the beginning: of his essay â€Å"The Insufficiency of Honesty,† Stephen L. Carter establishes a definition for integrity, â€Å"discerning what is right and what is wrong; acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost; and saying openly that you are acting on your understanding of right and wrong.† Based on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of brackets? â€Å"[W]hen I refer to integrity, I have something very specific in mind,† states Carter in his essay. It is important to remember that â€Å"[w]hen [he] refer[s] to integrity, [Carter has] something very specific in mind.† â€Å"Referring to integrity† is something that is important to [Carter]. According to Carter, â€Å"he [has] something specific [integrity] in mind.† Which of the following reflects the proper punctuation of the above sentence? â€Å"Should states require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a driver’s license (Bipin)?† Should states â€Å"require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a driver’s license† (Bipin)? Should states, â€Å"require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a driver’s license?† Bipin. â€Å"Should states require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a driver’s license?† Bipin. Which statement about quotation marks is true? I. Quotation marks set apart short quotations. II. Typically, a direct quotation requires three quotation marks. III. Commas used to introduce short quotations appear outside the quotation marks. II only I and II II and III I and III Based on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of quotation marks? â€Å"When I refer to integrity,† I have something specific in mind, states Carter. Carter states that the first criterion states that integrity requires a degree of â€Å"moral reflectiveness.† â€Å"acting on what you have discerned is one of the â€Å"three steps† of Carter’s definition of integrity.† According to Carter, integrity â€Å"includes keeping one’s commitments.† Based on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of parentheses? In his definition of integrity, (Carter) states that â€Å"discerning what is right and what is wrong . . . captures the idea that integrity requires a degree of moral reflectiveness.† The essay begins with the claim that â€Å"discerning what is right and what is wrong . . . captures the idea that integrity requires a degree of moral reflectiveness.† (Carter) Regarding integrity, â€Å"discerning what is right and what is wrong . . . captures the idea that integrity requires a degree of moral reflectiveness† (Carter). (Carter) writes, â€Å"[D]iscerning what is right and what is wrong . . . captures the idea that integrity requires a degree of moral reflectiveness.† Which of the following reflects the proper punctuation of the above sentence? â€Å"Why do parents underestimate the significance of writing in one’s journal Hartwig asks?† â€Å"Why do parents underestimate the significance of writing in one’s journal,† Hartwig asks? â€Å"Why do parents underestimate the significance of writing in one’s journal?† Hartwig asks. â€Å"Why do parents underestimate the significance of writing in one’s journal? Hartwig asks†. Which of the following reflects the proper punctuation of the above sentence? Reading from a book each night before bed, â€Å"according to Jang,† encourages the brain to remember the text. â€Å"Reading from a book each night before bed,† according to Jang, â€Å"encourages the brain to remember the text.† . . . [R]eading from a book each night before bed according to Jang encourages the brain to remember the text? â€Å"Reading from a book each night before bed (according to Jang) encourages the brain to remember the text†. Which statement about parentheses is true? I. Parentheses often appear at the end of the sentence. II. Citations for a direct quotation need to be set apart by parentheses. III. Periods always come after the parentheses. I only I and II II and III I, II, and III Based on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of brackets? â€Å"[W]hen I refer to integrity, I have something very specific in mind,† states Carter in his essay. It is important to remember that â€Å"[w]hen [he] refer[s] to integrity, [Carter has] something very specific in mind.† â€Å"Referring to integrity† is something that is important to [Carter]. According to Carter, â€Å"he [has] something specific [integrity] in mind.† Which statement about the ellipsis is true? I. An ellipsis indicates the omission of a word or words. II. It is appropriate for an ellipsis to appear in any part of a sentence. III. A single space between the periods is necessary when using an ellipsis. I only II and III I and III I, II, and III Which statement about parentheses is true? I. Parentheses often appear at the end of the sentence. II. Citations for a direct quotation need to be set apart by parentheses. III. Periods always come after the parentheses. I only I and II II and III I, II, and III

Characterization of Macoute in The Dew Breaker

Characterization of Macoute in The Dew Breaker The Dew Breaker, a novel by Edwidge Danticat that tells of Jean-Claude Duvalier’s inherited dictatorship in Haiti, appears to be a novel about two things. On the one hand, it documents the life and trials of a Tonton Macoute, a government sanctioned torturer; on the other hand, it also tells of the cowardice of weak men with great power. The ‘dew breaker’ that is the eponym for the book is constantly characterized by his cowardice, his desire for forgiveness but his inability to ask for it. This conflict that the ‘dew breaker’ has within himself also tends to inspire conflict within the reader. Should one hate him or pity him? Is he unforgivable because of what he has done or is his own fear, coupled with circumstance, truly to blame? After examining the characterization of the ‘dew breaker’ and the situations in which he was placed, it can be inferred that while he may not deserve forgiveness, this man’s obvious pusillanimity make s him pitiable. The novel begins with the story of Ka, an aspiring young artist and the daughter of the ‘dew breaker’. The ‘dew breaker’ is presented as a simple Haitian barber, an escaped military prisoner with a devotedly Catholic wife and loving daughter. The reader easily falls into step with Ka and her father as they travel to Florida to sell one of Ka’s sculptures. This sculpture is inspired by the bent and broken prisoner Ka believed her father to be. Besides relating parts of her father’s â€Å"past† in Haiti, Ka also tells of a jagged, horrifying scar that has nearly ruined her father’s face. She easily recounts the story he told her as a child: that a guard working for the regime of Jean-Claude Duvalier sliced open her father’s face in a random act of cruelty. It later becomes apparent that this tale is indeed a lie told to Ka for over thirty years. Towards the middle of the chapter, Ka’s father finally opens up with the t ruth after destroying his daughter’s sculpture, saying, â€Å"†¦ Ka, your father was the hunter, he was not the prey†¦ I was never in prison† (21). In one instant, everything that Danticat has told the reader about Ka’s father seems to be untrue. This man, who was known in Haiti as a Tonton Macoute, an infamous ‘dew breaker’, finally speaks the truth to his daughter and in the process destroys the innate trust Ka has in him. The idea that he kept such a secret from her for so long is surely an example of his infinite cowardice. However, it also proves he wants nothing more than love for the man he is, not hate for the man he had been. Another point of interest in The Dew Breaker is the main character’s demand that he be allowed to wear civilian clothes. In the last chapter, â€Å"The Dew Breaker†, the protagonist simply states that â€Å"he didn’t like the uniform† (196). The idea that he feels he is above other Macoutes and has the right to make demands is perfectly absurd and also cowardly. A Macoute walking home alone in standard denim runs the risk of being attacked and possibly killed; the ‘dew breaker’s’ refusal to wear the uniform proves he is a coward, a man who cannot stand the idea of imminent physical harm. This basic denial of Macoute custom sets the main character apart from all others: he is not in imminent danger because he is allowed to dress normally, he can avoid unwanted attention, and his lack of uniform saves him later when he runs into Anne outside Casernes. Had he been wearing the denim of his station, I doubt Anne would have reacted so charita bly. Incidentally, â€Å"The Dew Breaker† also presents the same conflict as seen in the beginning of the book. It offers no real resolution as the last chapter but it does leave the reader with a feeling of modern day catharsis. This chapter flashes back to the ‘dew breaker’, an active and senior member of Duvalier’s Macoutes while in Haiti. Danticat opens by describing the main character in a soft but insistent way. He is an important and self-indulgent man in the Tonton Macoutes who has been sent to kill an outspoken preacher. The ‘dew breaker’ voices a disdain of this job in the beginning of the chapter, saying that, â€Å"He wanted a perfect view of the church entrance in case the opportunity came to do the job from inside his car†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (183). This obvious lack of courage produces a key moment in the novel: the Macoute is afraid to take a chance with the preacher’s unrestrained congregation. It is doubtless that, if the ‘d ew breaker’ was alone during the public assassination of the preacher, the entire situation would have resulted in his own death. To protect himself, the ‘dew breaker’ chooses to bring along a group of other Macoutes. The preacher is roughly but quietly taken away, giving the illusion that he has â€Å"disappeared† like all the rest. The quiet, subtle way in which the preacher was taken to Casernes helps to exemplify the main character’s inflated concern for himself. He is not willing risk his life in any way, even to execute a duty given to him by the faction he so loves. The concern mentioned above is also present pages later, after the preacher has been taken to Casernes for questioning. Though it is surprising that the preacher was not restrained during interrogation, this small oversight by both the main character and Danticat serves a great purpose. In a marvelous last act of heroism, the preacher reaches for a splintered piece of wood from his broken chair and stabs ‘dew breaker’ â€Å"in [his] right cheek and [sinks] it in an inch or so† (226). Danticat goes on to further wound the ‘dew breaker’, saying that, â€Å"The fat man’s shock worked in [the preacher’s] favor, for it allowed him a few seconds to slide the piece of wood down the fat man’s face, tearing the skin down his jawline† (226). The action itself earns the preacher the quick death he so desires: he is immediately shot in the chest by the ‘dew breaker’, a man who cannot stand the idea of bruised pride. This m agnificent show of valor on the preacher’s part forever damages the ‘dew breaker’; it also contributes greatly to a weakness in character that will be present for the rest of his life. With the blood of the preacher on his hands, the ‘dew breaker’ becomes completely terrified. A huge gash in his face and dripping with blood, he stumbles out of Casernes, pushing aside his superior’s assurance of asylum. The fact that he did not stay to face the consequences of his actions shows his cowardice yet again. He cannot bear the thought of punishment or reprimand even from an institution he has devoted his life to. Whenever there is a chance he might endure harm, the ‘dew breaker’ is quick to withdraw from the situation, either by blaming it on others or by running away. The constant theme of cowardice and fear in The Dew Breaker is important to the story’s plot and also to the characterizations within. The ‘dew breaker’ as presented by Danticat is a man who evoked terror in the people; there mere mention of his name could send a Haitian into a fit of shivers or a bout of unwanted memories. It is ironic, then, that he should ultimately be the one who is most afraid and the one who would have to flee for his life. The ‘dew breaker’ was such a contradictory mess of both fear and courage, weakness and power, that one could not help but feel sorry for him. It is heart wrenching to think that a human being could do such terrible things and then struggle so completely with those facts afterwards. It’s the story every person wants to hear: the story of a man battling his inner demons and his past to become more than he ever was before. While the ‘dew breaker’ does fall short of forgiveness and absolution, he also doe manage to achieve a kind of pitiable half-life, his attempt to be a good man despite his history of bad deeds. Ultimately, it is the ‘dew breaker’s’ cowardice and lack of strength that makes him so close to the reader’s own heart. After all, we are all vulnerable in our own way.

Management in a global enviroment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management in a global enviroment - Essay Example For companies with a very strong and specific culture it will be even harder to change. This is a huge challenge for management. Change has become a way of life for most organizations. Pressure from increasing competition, globalization, technological developments, and other forces has created an environment that rewards an organization that are capable of identifying trends and issues and responding quickly to them. Change is the only permanent thing in this world and when organizations change there are many forces of resistance against the change and culture is one of the important forces of resistance. HRM Techniques play a major role in changing the organizational culture. The major Interventions used in bringing a change include Human Processual, Techno structural, Socio technical systems and organization transformation. The various HRM Techniques include Action research, Organizational development, Sensitivity Training, Survey Feedback, Process Consultation, Team Building, Inter group development, Appreciative enquiry. The world's increasing globalization requires more interaction among people from diverse cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds than ever before. People no longer live and work in an insular marketplace; they are now part of a worldwide economy with competition coming from nearly every continent. For this reason, profit and non-profit organizations need diversity to become more creative and open to change. Maximizing and capitalizing on workplace diversity has become an important issue for management today. Managing diversity remains a significant organizational challenge and managers must learn the managerial skills needed in a multicultural work environment. Managers must shift their philosophy from treating every one alike to recognizing differences and responding to those differences in different ways and at the same time avoiding discrimination. Supervisors and managers must be prepared to teach themselves and others within their organizations to value multicultural differences in both associates and customers so that everyone is treated with dignity. - Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behavior, Prentice Hall, 10th Edition.Pg.14-15. Demographic changes (women in the workplace, organizational restructurings, and equal opportunity legislation) will require organizations to review their management practices and develop new and creative approaches to managing people. Changes will increase work performance and customer service. The need to understand diversity is also driven by women in the workplace. Today's workforce has the highest levels of employment participation ever by women. The number of dual income families and single working mothers has increased. Change in the family structure means that there are fewer men and

An Experience Related to Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

An Experience Related to Crime - Essay Example It was a busy intersection on a week-end with lots of bystanders and people inadvertently crossing the busy crossroads. The actual hit and run incident was not actually observed but the man sprawled just near the middle island of two busy streets was a disturbing sight – especially when people just looked and no one dared to find out if assistance could still be provided. No police officer was on the premises. The initial reaction was to try to bring the victim to the nearest hospital, with the plan of reporting the hit and run incident leading to vehicular manslaughter in the hospital desk. The impact of the criminal incident had unexpected repercussions that could not be forgotten. A vehicular manslaughter has been defined by Hill and Hill (2005) as â€Å"the crime of causing the death of a human being due to illegal driving of an automobile, including gross negligence, drunk driving, reckless driving, or speeding† (par. 1). In this particular case, it was reported by various bystanders who witnessed the crime as due to reckless driving, in conjunction with speeding. The vehicle was identified as a cargo truck. Through the assistance of witnesses, who willingly provided their names and contact numbers, the information was likewise relayed to the hospital to be forwarded to criminal investigators and police officers, as required. T

Research for the Bernard Madoff Case Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

For the Bernard Madoff Case - Research Paper Example Finally, Madoff himself revealed the truth to his sons and they reported this case to the court. Bernard Madoff Investment Securities Scandal involves many ethical issues. Moreover, many stakeholders were also involved in this case. This paper briefly explains some facts, ethical issues and stakeholders involved in Bernard Madoff’s investment securities scandal case. â€Å"Madoff founded the Wall Street firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC in 1960, and was its chairman until his arrest on December 11, 2008† (Bernie Madoff’s Investment Scandal Exposed, 2010). Madoff was able to command the respect of the investors because of his huge experiences in Wall Street in different positions. When he offered the customers huge return even on short term investments through his Ponzi scheme, nobody was in any sort of doubt about the fraudulent nature of the scheme. Investors thought that Madoff has got some magical power to multiply their investments because of his huge experiences in Wall Street. Vernon Silver (2009) has mentioned that the returns that Mr. Madoff’s firm provided were consistently good over the years (Silver, 2009). â€Å"Concerns about Madoff’s business surfaced as early as 1999, when financial analyst-whistleblower Harry Markopolos informed the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that he believed it was legally and mathematically impossible to achieve the gains Madoff claimed to deliver† (What Has Bernard Madoff Investment Securities Done to Investment Securities?, 2010). These concerns expressed by the financial experts forced Madoff to confess his guilt to his sons in December 2008 which they reported to the court. Even though Madoff revealed that he has started his fraudulent activities in the 1990’s, investigating agencies believe that he has started such activities as early as the eighties itself. â€Å"Madoff told the agents that it was his entire fault, and that he "paid investors with money that

The pianist of willesden lane Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

The pianist of willesden lane - Movie Review Example Different themes have been used to show the fear and what was going through the woman’s head during the holocaust. In life, no one is supposed to go through what the woman in the play went through. We should all try to accommodate each other’s believes and respect them (Hurwitt). The play tells a great story. It incorporates narration of the story with music that fuses well to set the mood and illustrate the exact feelings and the situation at the time. The result of this is the heart responding in kind with the theme. When the play was featured in the theater, everyone sheds a tear. The director has tried to fuse all the tales told in the story with a song. Director Hershey Felder who adapted the book and came up with the play uses music and costumes trying to reenact the mood of the writer while writing the book. These tails are deep and can appeal to any human being. The use of stage lights to further set the required mood for the play. The music only comprises of a piano. This is because in the book the author tells the tails using songs that she played on her keyboard. It gives the play a more intricate meaning because music appeals to the emotions (Hurwitt). The director of the play adds visuals to the play to further intensify the mood that he intends to portray. Since some of the visuals are a bit graphic, the director tries to blend them with the emotional music that accompanies them. The director divides the play in three parts. The first part sets up the conditions that were experienced in 1938 during the holocaust. The intention of this is to bring the attention of the audience to the mood of the play. The music that opens the play is deep and conveys a sad mood. The second part takes the play to a new high. The music and visual introduce a new dimension to the play. They bring out the emotions at the time of the holocaust. It goes deeper in bringing out the mood of the author of at the time of the holocaust (Hurwitt). Being that the p lay is centered on the story narrated by the author of the book, it was important to convey her thoughts and emotions at the time. The last part does exactly that. It brings the play to a fervent resolution. The music at this time is deep and very emotional. The visuals are intense and the play reaches its climax. The response from the audience is amazing. Everyone is full of emotion. The third part makes a passionate appeal to the emotion and humane part to never repeat the issues shown by the play. To illustrate further the theme of the play, the director uses archival photos, newsreels and file videos projected to large old golden picture frames hanging in the middle of the theater stage. The theater stage is painted midnight blue. The contrast in the colors brings out the theme of the medieval ages. The play does not portray comfort of the actor. The actor has to assume the voices of men, women and children written in the book (Hurwitt). The play comes alive in different ways. T he use of the piano music creates a more emotional attachment. The use of visuals in the play lets you tell how the situation was at the time expressed. The actors bring out the physical actions that are expressed in the play. With this, the director tells the story as it is in the book it was adopted. When I watched the play, I felt touched. I understood what the director's intentions were when he created the play. The emotional attachment to the songs and visuals in the play is strong. I think the play was a success in educating us about the holocaust and how it

The Mediating Effects of Role Stress and Intrinsic Motivation Research Paper

The Mediating Effects of Role Stress and Intrinsic Motivation - Research Paper Example are functions of external rewards and are often carried with the objective of avoiding pain like in the case of punishment or gaining something like in the case of promotions at work. Behaviors that are motivated extrinsically do not give happiness to the individuals in question as he/she acts in that way because of the external rewards. The problem associated with this is that it kills intrinsic motivation, as people get more concerned with the rewards at the expense of enjoying what they are doing (Robinson 2010). There are three types of extrinsic motivation as shown below. Table on Extrinsic Motivation MOTIVATION BEHAVIOR SUSTAINED BY EXAMPLE External Motivation Environmental rewards or punishment contingencies Learning in order to get a job Introjected Motivation Desire to avoid internally imposed remorse and blame Working in order to get money and support family Identified Motivation Desire to express important self-identifications Working because that is what I want to do. Ext rinsic motivation is crude and inefficient because using negative motivation like blackmail and threats or bribing someone to do something does not make him do it wholeheartedly as all the actions are subject to the expected rewards. The problem with this approach is that people are often concerned more with the outcome than the action itself and this leads to high levels of inefficiency (Eskildsen, Kristensen, & Westlund, 2004). These shortcomings can be fixed through using intrinsic motivation as it persuades people to concentrate on doing what they like for internal satisfaction. Intrinsic motivation is therefore the best way of focusing efforts as illustrated below. Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation can be defined as a type of motivation driven internally and not externally.... The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between intrinsic motivation and organizational commitment in organizations. The concept of motivation is important when it comes to understanding the behavior of a group of people and finding ways of improving their performance. Motivation can be defined as a force that initiates, controls and maintains behaviors that are goal oriented. This is what propels people to do certain things like eating, working, and socializing. The forces that control behavior can be social, emotional, biological or cognitive in nature. Researchers have come up with different theories of motivation in order to explain the behavior of people and the reasons behind such actions. Intrinsic motivation improves performance more than extrinsic motivation because it is innate. When an individual is intrinsically motivated he/she will perform tasks with the intention of achieving inward satisfaction hence the levels of efficiency will be relatively high er than that of an individual that is motivated by external rewards. At the organizational level, even though the performance of employees is a function of both the environment and innate drives, the innate drives often determine the achievement levels among the employees. This explains the different in efficiency levels among different personnel working in the same environment. Through establishing the relationship between intrinsic motivation and organizational commitment, this paper will provide managers and administrators a better understanding of the behavior of the employees and their attitudes.

Software Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Software Design - Essay Example The software architecture in place will determine the easiness of change. In as much these â€Å"forgotten problems† are crucial to be addressed, the software development principles have other factors that also need to be addressed. These are the performance, availability, maintainability, security, costs, benefits and schedule. Thus, it is more valuable to achieve a balance rather than focus on only one aspect which in the â€Å"forgotten problems† is the usability factor. The Software architecture is the representation of the software development. It lists all the key modules, their responsibilities, and interactions. It has various representations. It is essential as a good architecture would reduce development time, maintenance costs and improve the quality of product. How does software architecture interact with usability? This can be understood via enumerating all the phases in software development. These are; system formulation, requirement definition, architecture design, detailed design, implementation, system test and deployment. Each of these chapters is critical, and there exist a high level of interactions. The development cycle in place will dictate the level of interactions between these phases. These methodologies are; waterfall cycle, spiral circle, extreme programming and HCI cycle. The feedback mechanisms in these methodologies will show how effective a method is. (Smith & Williams, 2003). The idea is to come up with an architectural pattern that best achieves usability factors. Various patterns can be applied. The Model view controller displays the module responsibilities and their interactions. A good model view controller shows productive interactions. It hides the unwanted aspects of the user interface from the remainder of the application. It provides a means of buffering changes in the user interface from the remainder of the application. It localizes the â€Å"screen-deep† changes to either the

Virtualization for Healthcare Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Virtualization for Healthcare - Research Paper Example 1.0 What is Virtual Healthcare? Virtual healthcare is, in a nutshell, any kind of health care that is accomplished through a means that is not face-to-face interaction. Harrop (2001) defines virtual healthcare as â€Å"asynchronicity, outsourcing and anonymity† (Harrop, 2001, p. 244). Demiris (2005) describes a number of different, broad, categories under which health care virtualization would fall. One is that of health care delivery systems, which is where a team of professionals and caregivers are assembled, for the benefit of the patient, and participate in therapy or health care by videophone. This enables a patient, such as one who is homebound, to participate in meetings regarding the patient’s care virtually, without having to leave his home. Another of the broad groups is that of virtual research teams. Virtual research teams concern health care researchers, and this is where the health care researchers communicate and exchange information with one another thro ugh the Internet or other advanced technology. Virtual disease management is another category cited by Demiris. This is where a patient, who has a chronic illness, interacts with health care professionals in an effort for the health care professionals to intervene and communicate with their health care professional. ... Virtual disease management also has, as one its top goals, education of the patient in self-care (Demiris, 2006, pp. 180-181). Virtual healthcare differs from traditional health care in that the patient does not necessarily meet with his or her health-care provider face to face. As indicated below, this has a number of advantages with regards to costs, yet also has a number of disadvantages when compared against traditional face-to-face healthcare. 2.0 Examples of Virtual Healthcare There are many different examples that may be used to illustrate some of the benefits and uses of virtual health care. One such is the concept of telehome care. This is where a patient accesses, from his or her home, audio and video data between the patient and the health care provider, such as a nurse. This visit is facilitated by such hands-on devices, such as stethoscopes, blood pressure readings, wounds dressing, and auscultation (Shea et al., 2008, p. 136). These different readings are performed by t he patient or the care-giver with the supervision of the nurse, who appears through the patient’s audio or video set, and is also on hand to answer any questions that the patient might have about his or her care (Shea et al., 2008, p. 136). The University of Cyprus, in the Eurasian country of Cyprus, has innovated a virtual health-care system called DITIS, which is a Network for Medical Collaboration (Pitsillides et al., 2008, p. 1). DITIS was originally developed so that the difficulties in communication and continuity of care between a home health multidisciplinary team, and the team and an oncologist, could be addressed (Jossif, 2005, pp. 6-7). DITIS is a team that consists of a variety of different providers and family members, such as a social worker,

Energy Summary Essay Example for Free

Energy Summary Essay There are many energy sources that have been described in the recent past as being clean but the truth is that no energy source is clean as many claim. The variation of the energy sources is in their advantages and disadvantages (Raven, 2010). Whereas the disadvantages of energy source include cost, hazard potential and environmental damage, the advantages include energy safety, availability, versatility and density. Examples of energy sources include fossil fuels, solar energy, nuclear, hydropower and hydrogen fuel among others. Fossil fuels according to Raven (2009, p. 233) which is defined as â€Å"Combustible deposits in the Earth’s crust, composed of the remnants (fossil) of prehistoric organisms that existed millions of years ago†, comprise of natural gas, petroleum (oil) and coal. Of the all the energy sources used in the North America 80% is fossil fuels namely oil natural gas and coal. The energy source is nonrenewable in limited supply which is depleted by use. The natural processes responsible for the formation of fossil fuels are still in progress but it takes million of years to get substantial quantity of the energy which do not keep pace with its use. In addition the fossil fuel is only found in two continents: South America and Africa and it are only a few countries in the continents which have the fossil fuel resources. Due to the fact that most of the fossil fuels are found in developing countries, there is lack of capital to extract the resources. Hence there is need to switch to other forms of energy to provide the needed energy that has been on rise. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel worldwide and it is found mainly in Russia, India, United States, South Africa, Germany, Australia and China which are on the northern hemisphere (Raven, 2010). The mining of coal has serious environmental impact on the environment. Environmental impact associated with the mining of coal include large open trenches and pits; exposed high cliffs of rocks; toxic and acid drainage; pollution of water bodies as well as soil erosion. Such impacts pose serious risk to human and biodiversity lives as they can lead to landslide, intoxication, habitat destruction among others. Burning of coal also affects the water and air quality which leads to sooty fallout, ocean acidification and climate change. Burning of coal which contains mercury releases the substance into the atmosphere and then to water and land thereby harm both man and wildlife. Oil and natural gas which has increasingly become important since 1930s provides about 70% of the world’s energy. It is more preferable than coal because it is cleaner, more versatile and easier to transport than coal. The environmental problems associated with the natural gas and oil is with regard to their combustion, production and transportation. Combustion of the fossil fuels emits carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which insulates the planet which prevents radiation of the heat back into the space hence global warming. Their transportation has also led to oil spill which affected economies of the many regions. The spill like the recent Gulf coast oil spill also threatens wildlife (Raven, 2010). Nuclear is another source of energy that produces 100000 times more energy per atom in nuclear reaction, than the energy available in a chemical bond between two atoms. The energy is mainly derived from uranium which is a non renewable source. Nuclear energy does not direct impact on the environment as other energy sources do but it generates radioactive waste like spent fuel (Raven, 2010). Other wastes include gases in the reactor and radioactive coolant fluids. The radioactive wastes and the spent fuel are dangerous because they are highly radioactive there by posing serious heal and environmental risks to man and the environment in general. Proper storage and measures of disposal are very fundamental to reduce such dangers. Nuclear energy also contributes to environmental pollution indirectly (Raven, 2010). From the time uranium is mined, processed and disposed, good quantity of both diesel and gasoline is used which contribute pollute the environment directly. Some wastes which result from nuclear reactions like strontium-90, krypton-85 and cesium-137 have half-life of between 30 to 90 years and will take between 300 to 600 years before they decay to a level where they are safe. On the other hand there are high-level radioactive liquid wastes which are unstable and not easy to monitor thereby making them very dangerous. Such wastes are first converted to solid state before being stored (Raven, 2010). Nuclear and utility executives have come up with a plan to promote nuclear energy and to put in place a strategy that will address the economic and safety issues associated with nuclear power. This includes a plan to build nuclear reactors that will be 10 times safer than the ones currently in use. There other energy sources which are renewable and they include solar energy, biomass energy, wind energy, hydropower, geothermal energy and tidal energy. Solar energy is derived from the sun and is perpetually available as opposed to other energy sources like uranium deposits, oil and coal which are found some particular areas (Raven, 2010). We can only run short of the solar energy when the nuclear fire of the sun burns out. Solar energy is derived when the sun’s energy is absorbed by collection device such as a plate of black metal or a panel. The unique property of the sun light, whereby it passes through transparent objects but once it hits an object it releases invisible waves of heat called infrared radiation which cannot penetrate glass, allows solar energy to heat water bodies, building and other objects. Systems have been developed and used in the industrial and building processes where solar energy is concentrated to heat liquids. Direct solar energy has been used to generate electricity by use of photovoltaic solar cells which produce electricity to the tune of 13000 MW globally. In other places well structured systems are used to generate solar thermal electric generation electricity. Energy is also derived from the sun indirectly for instance, burning of the biomass which includes organic matter like wood releases energy stored in plants during photosynthesis (Raven, 2010). Wind energy got from the wind by the use of wind turbines or windmills to generate electricity or mechanical energy is also a type of renewable energy. Streams and rivers are also dammed in order to generate hydroelectricity. The energy exists in the water because it is the energy from the sun that drives the hydrological cycles. Biomass as a source of energy is very important because it lowers the rate at which we depend on the fossil fuel and since the energy is also derived from wastes it reduces the problem of waste disposal (Raven, 2010). However, when the balance shift from food production to biomass energy production, then the food prices is likely to go up which is disadvantageous. Other sources of renewable energy are tidal energy and geothermal energy derived from changes in water level and naturally occurring heat respectively. In conclusion, the requirement of energy increases day by day therefore effort need to be put in energy conservation and development of technologies of alternative energy sources which requires less energy. It should also be the responsibility of every person and every household to economically use the available energy sources responsible so as to enhance energy savings (Light, 2003). References Light, A. (2003). Environmental Ethics: An Anthology, 1e. Retrieved 19 May 2010 from: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/DownloadList. aspx? assetMetaId=871324e1-b1c6-4d2d-85d0-de1f7aaf570eassetDataId=d5e53d69-8288-4946-9a9b-69a18044be6a Raven, P. (2010). Environment 7e. Retrieved 19 May 2010 from: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/DownloadList. aspx? assetMetaId=568808a6-a4f4-4b79-ac9c-845c0188b75aassetDataId=68c16029-cca8-4bdd-8119-68f43458e29e